Abstract
Among respiratory diseases, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are the most common. Considering that the leading clinical symptom of these diseases is bronchial obstruction, as well as a large number of phenotypes in both asthma and COPD, especially when patients have signs of both diseases, problems arise in differential diagnosis. Immune inflammation plays an important pathological role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Lymphocyte is the principal immune cell capable of recognizing a particular molecular determinant of the organic structure disorder. We aimed to search for specific features of the immune response in these diseases. Therefore, we determined in peripheral blood the relative and absolute content of lymphocytes expressing the CD3, CD4, CD16, CD54, CD56, CD72, HLA-DR, CD95, and CD178 antigens. The study found that low CD8, CD16 and high CD 178 lymphocytes are characteristic of patients with asthma, and high CD8, CD16 and low CD 178 are typical in COPD. Over 4-5 times increase in CD54 is characteristic of asthma, while in COPD the index exceeded the norm by only 50%. An important feature of COPD is a low apoptosis irrespective of the stage of the disease. These immunologic features can be additional criteria for asthma and COPD differentiation.
Highlights
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are the most common Worldwide, over 300 million people suffer from asthma and COPD is the 3rd cause of fatal outcomes by 2020 [1, 2]
We evaluated the lymphocyte surface antigens using monoclonal antibodies for differential diagnosis of COPD and asthma
The blood CD178 lymphocytes content is high in asthma while low in COPD
Summary
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are the most common Worldwide, over 300 million people suffer from asthma and COPD is the 3rd cause of fatal outcomes by 2020 [1, 2]. Bronchial obstruction syndrome is the leading clinical feature of both diseases. Their specific features allow a simple differential diagnosis in most cases, especially at early stages [2, 3]. The diagnosis is complicated considering the variety of asthma and COPD phenotypes and combination of signs of both diseases is several patients (smoking in asthma, high sputum eosinophilia, over 12% FEV1 increment on bronchodilator test in COPD, etc.). Developments are extremely urgently needed to clarify the diagnosis and differentiate COPD from asthma
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