Abstract
Introduction: The chronic nephropathies constitute a real global public health concern due to the constant increase in the prevalence estimated between 10% and 15%. In Sub-Saharan Africa, this prevalence has been estimated at 13.9%. This study will allow knowing the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical and etiological aspects of chronic kidney disease in the internal medicine department of CHU-SO Lomé. Method: This was a cross-sectional, retrospective and descriptive study. It concerned all the patients suffering from a chronic kidney disease, hospitalized between the 1st of January 2014 and the 31st of December 2018, for a duration of 5 years. Results: During our study, 330 cases of chronic nephropathy were identified. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease was 8.3% of admissions. The mean age of the patients was 46.3 years with extremes of 19 and 86 years and a sex ratio of 1.32. A low socio-economic level of patients was observed in 63.9% with an urban origin in 69.7%. The main risk factors for renal impairment were hypertension (55.2%), diabetes mellitus (29.1%), obesity (20.6%), use of nephrotoxic products (19.4%), HIV infection (17%) and smoking (16.1%). The causes were dominated by nephroangiosclerosis (33.3%), followed by diabetic nephropathy (25.5%) and HIV-associated nephropathy (17%). Chronic renal failure was present in 95.8% of cases and was end stage in 69.7% of cases. Anemia was the main complication during the evolution of chronic kidney disease (98.2%). Mortality was 57.3% during hospitalization. Conclusion: Chronic kidney disease is a fairly common reason for hospitalization in the internal medicine department. Emphasis should therefore be placed on preventive measures for hypertension, diabetes and HIV.
Highlights
IntroductionChronic nephropathies (CNP) are defined by the presence of markers of renal damage (structural or functional) and/or a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73m2 [1] for more than three months
The chronic nephropathies constitute a real global public health concern due to the constant increase in the prevalence estimated between 10% and 15%
3988 patients were hospitalized in the internal medicine department among whom we identified 330 cases of chronic nephropathy according to the predefined criteria
Summary
Chronic nephropathies (CNP) are defined by the presence of markers of renal damage (structural or functional) and/or a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73m2 [1] for more than three months They constitute a real global public health concern due to the constant increase in the prevalence estimated between 10% and 15% [2] [3]. When the patient is on dialysis, the average annual cost including hemodialysis and medical expenses was 11,422,490.7 FCFA [7] and could be higher in private clinics. Faced with this important medico-economic issue, the prevention of CNP becomes a necessity and implies a better knowledge of the profile of patients suffering from CNP. The specific objectives were to: - Describe the epidemiological aspects of chronic nephropathies. - Describe the clinical and paraclinical aspects of chronic nephropathies. - Describe the pathologies associated with chronic nephropathies
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