Abstract
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMCC) encompasses a heterogeneous group of syndromes associated with persistent or recurrent Candida infections of the skin, nails, and mucous membranes. While chronic candidiasis can present by itself or as part of a complex, including endocrinopathy, autoimmune manifestations, bone marrow failure and neoplastic diseases, it is often regarded as a warning sign for immunodeficiency. Here, we review the processes involved in host-microbial recognition of Candida and highlight underlying genetic causes of CMCC—including those that are monogenic (such as mutations in AIRE and STAT1) as well as polymorphisms that increase susceptibility to candidal infection.Statement of novelty: This review provides an overview of the pathophysiology of Candida fungal infection as well as genetic defects that have been identified to cause CMCC.
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