Abstract
ABSTRACTThe objective of the present article was to qualitatively and quantitatively review the association between chronic mechanical irritation and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases were searched using the keyword combinations “chronic trauma and oral squamous cell carcinoma; chronic irritation and oral squamous cell carcinoma; chronic irritation and oral cancer; and chronic trauma and oral cancer.” Duplicates and irrelevant articles were excluded after the title and abstract screening. The full texts of the remaining articles were assessed using selection criteria. A total of 375 (PubMed-126; SCOPUS-152; WOS-97) articles were screened, and 343 duplicates and irrelevant articles were excluded from the study. Only 9 of the remaining 32 articles met the selection criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis. Buccal mucosa and tongue, being highly prone to chronic irritation through the dental prosthesis, were the common sites for OSCC. Edentulous subjects with ill-fitting dentures were at a high risk of developing chronic irritation associated-OSCC. According to the Joanna Briggs Institute of risk assessment, eight of the nine included studies had a low risk of bias. The quantitative analysis showed a significant association (p < 0.00001) between the chronic oral mucosal irritation and OSCC with an overall risk ratio of 2.56 at a confidence interval of 1.96-3.35. Chronic oral mucosa irritation has a significant association with OSCC, and the nature of association could be that of a potential co-factor (dependent risk factor) rather than an independent risk factor.
Highlights
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) the sixth most common neoplasm of the head and neck regions accounts for 80-90% of malignancies of the oral cavity [1]
The International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) was searched for systematic reviews assessing the potential associating between OSCC and chronic mechanical irritation (CMI), following which the present review was submitted for registration
CMI‐associated lesions in the control group were: Red lesions; tongue indentations (n=9); frictional keratosis (n=5), petechiae (n=5), fibrous hyperplasias (n=5), morsicatio buccarum (n=2), chronic traumatic ulcer (n=1) Tis, T1, and T2 were considered as small tumors and comprised 60% of the study group, T3 and T4 were considered as large tumors and comprised 40% of the study group
Summary
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) the sixth most common neoplasm of the head and neck regions accounts for 80-90% of malignancies of the oral cavity [1]. Around 300,000 new cases of oral cancer have been reported worldwide with 145,000 deaths [2]. The incidence of the disease is variable worldwide with a higher incidence rate in developing countries. Submitted: 05 February 2021/Accepted: 28 March 2021
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