Abstract
CKD is one of the major complications when infected by HIV. The surveillance of CKD indicators and control of its determinants in the HIV-infected population in our African communities is essential. This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of people living with HIV received at the Ambulatory Treatment Center (ATC) at Infectious Diseases department of Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital (CHU-SO). The study period was 6 months—from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2018—CKD was defined by a clearance below 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 for at least 3 months. A total of 117 patients were enrolled during the study period. The average age of patients for trial treatment was between 9.49 and 42.0 7 years. The duration of follow-up for antiretroviral treatment was ±3.22 to ±5.64 years. The female gender was predominant (70.09%) with a sex ratio (M/F) of 0.43. Most of people living with HIV were mostly classified at clinical stage 2 (31.03%) and 3 (31.90%) of WHO at initiation of HAART. The main CD4 rate was 223.30 ± 143.764 at initiation of HAART and 462.58 ± 202.723 at the time of the study. The majority of patients were placed in a fixed combination of Tenofovir/Lamivudine/Efavirenz in a proportion of 81.20% cases. CKD was found in 13 patients—that is 11.11% of patients. Univariate analysis shows that age greater than 45 years plus (p = 0.017) and pathological proteinuria (p = 0.021) were associated with CKD. In multivariate analysis, only ages (p = 0.045) and pathological proteinuria (p = 0.035) were significantly associated with CKD. The prevalence of CKD in HIV-infected patients is significant in Togo. The occurrence of proteinuria is linked to the delay in taking antiretroviral therapy.
Highlights
The occurrence of proteinuria is linked to the delay in taking antiretroviral therapy
The prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is high in African regions, with more than 25.7 million people living with HIV [1]
The patients included in this study were people known living with HIV older than 15 years, who have been regularly treated at Ambulatory Treatment Center (ATC) on Antiretroviral treatment for at least 3 months
Summary
The prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is high in African regions, with more than 25.7 million people living with HIV [1]. In 2017, Africa alone counted 25.7 million people living with HIV (PLHIV) [1]. The survival of people living with HIV depends on several factors: early diagnosis of HIV infection, early antiretroviral therapy, therapeutic compliances, and diagnosis and management of complications of infections and treatment [3] [4] [5]. CKD is one of the major complications during HIV infection [5]. In 2004, in the United States for example, 4000 cases of end stage CKD were attributed to HIV [6] infection. Its prevalence is constantly increasing and can reach up to 38% of cases depending on races and countries [7] [8] [9]
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