Abstract
IntroductionWe evaluated the prevalence and influence of chronic hyponatremia in patients with low energy trauma. We also investigated the influence of medication and diseases on hyponatremia. Material and methodsThis retrospective study included 314 cases of proximal femoral fracture due to low energy trauma. Patients were treated in the University Medical Center Goettingen within 3 years. Hyponatremia was defined as serum sodium <135 mmol/L at admission. ResultsOverall, 15.6% of patients in the low energy trauma group had hyponatremia. Among patients older than 80 years, women showed distinctly higher rates of hyponatremia (female: 16.4%; male: 5.9%). In contrast only 4.7% of patients who underwent elective hip arthroplasty showed hyponatremia. Patients on sartanes and aldosterone antagonists showed significantly higher rates of hyponatremia. Alcoholism was significantly associated with hyponatremia. ConclusionsWe confirmed a high prevalence of chronic hyponatremia in patients with fractures due to low energy trauma. Our data underscore chronic hyponatremia as a contributing factor to hip fractures. Women older than 80 have a higher risk of developing hyponatremia. Sartanes, aldosterone antagonists, and alcohol disease are associated with hyponatremia. Treating hyponatremia may decrease the risk of fracture after low energy trauma. Therefore, physicians of different specialties should focus on treatment of chronic hyponatremia to reduce the fracture rate associated with low energy trauma.
Highlights
Fluoride (F-) is common in the environment yet is an often overlooked and persistent toxicant that poses risks to an estimated 200 million highly-exposed people globally, primarily via drinking water (Edmunds and Smedley, 2005; US U.S National Research Institute (NRC), 2006; World Health Organization (WHO), 2016)
The skeletal system is susceptible to the adverse effects of F, bearing roughly 99% of the F- burden
During two sampling periods, a total of 341 individuals (188 males and 153 females) were enrolled in a crosssectional study conducted in 25 rural communities in the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER), each of which were primarily dependent on a single groundwater well
Summary
Fluoride (F-) is common in the environment yet is an often overlooked and persistent toxicant that poses risks to an estimated 200 million highly-exposed people globally, primarily via drinking water (Edmunds and Smedley, 2005; US NRC, 2006; WHO, 2016). Several studies in humans and animals have documented the effects of excessive F- exposure on the physical and chemical properties of enamel cells, bone minerals, bone cells, and bone remodeling processes, via promotion of osteoblast activity and delayed mineralization of new bone (Liu et al, 2016; Lai et al, 2014; Den Besten and Li, 2011; Mousny et al, 2008; Pei et al, 2017; Yao et al, 2019) These various conditions lead to a disease called chronic skeletal fluorosis (SF), indicated by various bone lesions, including osteosclerosis (i.e., increased bone density), osteoporosis, degenerative joint changes, and ligament calcifications (Cao et al, 2003; Gupta and Chhabra, 2016; Wang et al, 2007). The portable and low-cost ultrasound technique appears potentially useful for assessment of bone quality, and should be tested in other locations and for other bone-related disorders, to assess the feasibility of its more extensive diagnostic use in hard-to-reach rural regions
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
