Abstract
Oligo painting FISH was established to identify all chromosomes in banana (Musa spp.) and to anchor pseudomolecules of reference genome sequence of Musa acuminata spp. malaccensis “DH Pahang” to individual chromosomes in situ. A total of 19 chromosome/chromosome-arm specific oligo painting probes were developed and were shown to be suitable for molecular cytogenetic studies in genus Musa. For the first time, molecular karyotypes of diploid M. acuminata spp. malaccensis (A genome), M. balbisiana (B genome), and M. schizocarpa (S genome) from the Eumusa section of Musa, which contributed to the evolution of edible banana cultivars, were established. This was achieved after a combined use of oligo painting probes and a set of previously developed banana cytogenetic markers. The density of oligo painting probes was sufficient to study chromosomal rearrangements on mitotic as well as on meiotic pachytene chromosomes. This advance will enable comparative FISH mapping and identification of chromosomal translocations which accompanied genome evolution and speciation in the family Musaceae.
Highlights
Bananas (Musa spp.) are grown in tropical and subtropical regions of South East Asia, Africa and South America (Häkkinen, 2013; Janssens et al, 2016)
Most of the modern edible banana clones originated within section Eumusa after intra- and interspecific crosses between two wild diploid species M. acuminata and M. balbisiana
In order to produce chromosome arm-specific painting probes, unique k- mers were identified according to Han et al (2015) in the reference genome sequence of the doubled haploid banana (M. acuminata “DH Pahang”; Martin et al, 2016) and analyzed with the Chorus program
Summary
Bananas (Musa spp.) are grown in tropical and subtropical regions of South East Asia, Africa and South America (Häkkinen, 2013; Janssens et al, 2016). They are one of the world’s major fruit crops, a staple and important export commodity for millions of people living mainly in developing countries. Most of the modern edible banana clones originated within section Eumusa after intra- and interspecific crosses between two wild diploid species M. acuminata (donor of A genome) and M. balbisiana (donor of B genome). Tetraploid clones (AAAB, AABB) that originated spontaneously are known (Simmonds and Shepherd, 1955; Simmonds, 1956), currently cultivated tetraploid bananas were obtained in the breeding programs
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