Abstract
The diploid basic chromosome number forOphrys is 2n = 36. Tetraploidy has been found inO. fusca agg. only. Aneuploidy and aneusomaty are wide-spread; supernumerary chromosomes behave B-like, but do not differ by shape or structure from A-chromosomes. A new staining method reveals clearly differentiated bipartite meiotic kinetochores. Evolutionary aspects of homogamic hybridization, chromosome instability, and of the basic chromosome number x = 18 are discussed.
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