Abstract
The Tc1 mariner element is widely distributed among organisms and have been already described in different species of fish. The genus Ancistrus (Kner, 1854) has 68 nominal species and is part of an interesting taxonomic and cytogenetic group, as well as presenting a variation of chromosome number, ranging from 2n=34 to 54 chromosomes, and the existence of simple and multiple sex chromosome system and the occurrence of chromosomal polymorphisms involving chromosomes that carry the nucleolus organizer region. In this study, a repetitive element by restriction enzyme, from Ancistrus sp.1 “Flecha” was isolated, which showed similarity with a transposable element Tc1-mariner. Its chromosomal location is distributed in heterochromatic regions and along the chromosomal arms of all specimens covered in this study, confirming the pattern dispersed of this element found in other studies carried out with other species. Thus, this result reinforces the hypothesis that the sequence AnDraI is really a dispersed element isolated. As this isolated sequence showed the same pattern in all species which have different sex chromosomes systems, including in all sex chromosomes, we could know that it is not involved in sex chromosome differentiation.
Highlights
The genome of eukaryotes consists mostly of large amounts of repetitive DNA, which has been associated with several functions in the genome, as can be seen in the review carried out by Shapiro (2010)
The analysis of constitutive heterochromatin by C-banding was performed to characterize all species karyotypes covered in this study
“Pari” but its heterochromatin block is in pair 6 (Fig. 2C)
Summary
The genome of eukaryotes consists mostly of large amounts of repetitive DNA, which has been associated with several functions in the genome, as can be seen in the review carried out by Shapiro (2010) These functions range from important roles in the structure of chromosomes, the telomere and centromere maintenance mechanism (Pardue and Debaryshe 2003, Wong and Choo 2004), involvement in DNA replication process (Li et al 2002), of recombination (Biet et al 1999) and gene expression (Liu et al 2001, Peaston et al 2004, Han and Boeke 2005, Volff 2006), in origin and evolution of sex and supernumerary chromosomes (Lyon 2000, Steinemann and Steinemann 2005, Parise-Maltempi et al 2007), besides being used as important markers for cytogenetic studies of evolution, genome organization and identification of chromosomal rearrangements in several groups of organisms (Biémont and Vieira 2006, Martins 2007, Oliveira et al 2013). Its ability to spread in multiple copies may be regarded as a driving force for the evolution of the genome and, seems to promote the variability of the genome, which may lead to a determination regulatory mutations and chromosomal rearrangements (Syvanen 1984, Charlesworth et al 1994)
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