Abstract
This study evaluates the potential of flow cytometry for chromosome sorting in two wild diploid wheats Aegilops umbellulata and Ae. comosa and their natural allotetraploid hybrids Ae. biuncialis and Ae. geniculata. Flow karyotypes obtained after the analysis of DAPI-stained chromosomes were characterized and content of chromosome peaks was determined. Peaks of chromosome 1U could be discriminated in flow karyotypes of Ae. umbellulata and Ae. biuncialis and the chromosome could be sorted with purities exceeding 95%. The remaining chromosomes formed composite peaks and could be sorted in groups of two to four. Twenty four wheat SSR markers were tested for their position on chromosomes of Ae. umbellulata and Ae. comosa using PCR on DNA amplified from flow-sorted chromosomes and genomic DNA of wheat-Ae. geniculata addition lines, respectively. Six SSR markers were located on particular Aegilops chromosomes using sorted chromosomes, thus confirming the usefulness of this approach for physical mapping. The SSR markers are suitable for marker assisted selection of wheat-Aegilops introgression lines. The results obtained in this work provide new opportunities for dissecting genomes of wild relatives of wheat with the aim to assist in alien gene transfer and discovery of novel genes for wheat improvement.
Highlights
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a natural allohexaploid (2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD), which evolved via two rounds of hybridization and polyploidization, involving several species of the Triticum and Aegilops genera [1]
The technology has been a foundation of chromosome genomics [26], an elegant approach to tackle the complex genomes of these crops
Chromosome genomics facilitates the analysis of molecular structure of chromosomes and chromosome arms, high-throughput development of markers, construction of ready-to-sequence physical maps and positional gene cloning
Summary
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a natural allohexaploid (2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD), which evolved via two rounds of hybridization and polyploidization, involving several species of the Triticum and Aegilops genera [1]. The remarkable diversity of related wild species offers a reservoir of novel alleles, favourable genes and gene complexes for wheat breeding by means of interspecific hybridization or transgene technology. The genus Aegilops, which is the most closely related taxon to Triticum, contains eleven diploid and twelve polyploid species [3]. Seven distinct genomes (D, S, M, C, U, N and T) were identified in diploids and most of them can be found in the polyploid Aegilops species. (2n = 4x = 28, UgUgMgMg) exhibit the largest ecological adaptation ability [3] These species are valuable sources of useful genes for wheat breeding. Wild relatives of wheat were studied as potential recipient species for pollenmediated transgene escape from wheat [9,10,11]
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