Abstract
The species of the genus Arachis (Leguminosae) are ordered into nine sections. The assignment of genome types in this genus has been based on cross-compatibility analysis and molecular cytogenetic studies. The latter has also allowed karyotypically establishing well-defined genomes and reassigning the genome of several species. However, most of these studies have been focused mainly on the sections Arachis and Rhizomatosae. To increase the knowledge about the chromosome diversity of the whole genus, here we performed a detailed karyotype characterization of representative species of most of the sections and genomes of Arachis. This characterization included chromosome morphology, CMA/DAPI chromosome banding, and chromosome marker localization (rDNAloci and one satDNA sequence) by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Based on the data obtained and other previously published data, we established the karyotype similarities by cluster analysis and defined eleven karyotype groups. The grouping was partly coincident with the traditional genome assignment, except for some groups and some individual species. Karyotype similarities among some genomes were also found. The main characteristics of each karyotype group of Arachis were summarized. Together, our results provide information that may be beneficial for future cytogenetic and evolutionary studies, and also contribute to the identification of interspecific hybrids.
Highlights
Arachis (Leguminosae) is a South American genus that comprises 82 species divided into nine taxonomic sections (Arachis, Caulorrhizae, Erectoides, Extranervosae, Heteranthae, Procumbentes, Rhizomatosae, Trierectoides and Triseminatae), established according to morphological characteristics, geographic distribution, and cross-compatibility (Krapovickas & Gregory 1994, Valls & Simpson 2005, 2017, Valls et al 2013, Santana & Valls2015)
Based on all the above and to increase the genomic knowledge of genus Arachis, in the present study, we aimed to improve the karyotype characterization of the species belonging to the different sections of the genus Arachis, through the mapping of ribosomal genes by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) in eight species, the CMA/DAPI banding in fourteen species, and the mapping of the Satellite DNA (satDNA) clone 119 by FISH in fifteen species
The haploid karyotype length varied between 17.51 μm in A. triseminata and 34.82 μm in A. matiensis, whereas the mean chromosome length varied between 1.91 μm in A. dardani and 3.63 μm in A. matiensis
Summary
Arachis (Leguminosae) is a South American genus that comprises 82 species divided into nine taxonomic sections (Arachis, Caulorrhizae, Erectoides, Extranervosae, Heteranthae, Procumbentes, Rhizomatosae, Trierectoides and Triseminatae), established according to morphological characteristics, geographic distribution, and cross-compatibility (Krapovickas & Gregory 1994, Valls & Simpson 2005, 2017, Valls et al 2013, Santana & Valls2015). Some molecular cytogenetic studies revealed greater karyotype variability (Seijo et al 2004, Robledo et al 2009, Robledo & Seijo 2008, 2010, Silvestri et al 2015, Ortiz et al 2017), but most of them were focused only on the species of the sections Arachis and Rhizomatosae. Ortiz et al (2017) mapped these markers in the species of the section Rhizomatosae and a few species of the sections Erectoides and Procumbentes All this indicates that the karyotype characterization and genome assignments of the genus are still incomplete and that, the relationships between them are not yet well established
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