Abstract
BackgroundNuclear architecture studies in human sperm are sparse. By now performed ones were practically all done on flattened nuclei. Thus, studies close at the in vivo state of sperm, i.e. on three-dimensionally conserved interphase cells, are lacking by now. Only the position of 14 chromosomes in human sperm was studied.ResultsHere for the first time a combination of multicolor banding (MCB) and three-dimensional analysis of interphase cells was used to characterize the position and orientation of all human chromosomes in sperm cells of a healthy donor. The interphase nuclei of human sperm are organized in a non-random way, driven by the gene density and chromosome size.ConclusionHere we present the first comprehensive results on the nuclear architecture of normal human sperm. Future studies in this tissue type, e.g. also in male patients with unexplained fertility problems, may characterize yet unknown mechanisms of infertility.
Highlights
Nuclear architecture studies in human sperm are sparse
multicolor banding (MCB) studies combined with suspension fluorescence in situ hybridization (S-FISH) Here we present the first genome-wide MCB-based study on 3D-preserved interphase nuclei derived from sperm (Fig. 1)
It could be demonstrated that MCB combined with SFISH is a powerful tool for a three-dimensional analysis of chromosome position in sperm interphase nuclei
Summary
Nuclear architecture studies in human sperm are sparse. Chromosomes have been demonstrated to be located in specific regions in the interphase nucleus. These were called 'chromosome territories' [4,5,6,7]. MCB is the only approach available at present that provides the possibility of characterizing the chromosomal integrity of arbitrary interphase cell populations [12,13]. It is still a matter of discussion what influences more the nuclear position of chromosomes: chromosome size or gene density. It has been repeatedly shown that small chromosomes preferentially locate close to the center of the nucleus, while large chromosomes can be found in the (page number not for citation purposes)
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