Abstract
The mitotic chromosomes of three anuran species, Scaphiopus holbrooki, Litoria infrafrenata and Odontophrynus americanus, were analyzed by means of the 5-bromodeoxyuridine/deoxythymidine (BrdU/dT) replication banding technique. These species exhibit large differences in their genome sizes: S. holbrooki possesses one of the smallest genomes among vertebrates, L. infrafrenata has a genome size near the modal DNA value of most Amphibia, whereas O. americanus is a tetraploid species. BrdU/dT labeling induces reproducible and reliable R- and G-replication bands along the metaphase chromosomes of all three species. Irrespective of the genome size of the species considered, the number of early (R-) and late (G-) replicating bands per haploid karyotype is nearly the same. The chromosomes of the autotetraploid O. americanus can be arranged into sets of four homologous chromosomes (quartets). C-bands and BrdU/dT replication bands reveal heterogeneity within the quartets 1, 3 and 4 that are interpreted as the initiation of a diploidization process.
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