Abstract
During a short period, a great deal of information has been accumulated on chromosomes of mammals, especially those of man. Both ascites tumors and tissue culture cells have been used extensively in various types of research. The chapter discusses the changes in chromosomes of cells in vitro and of early stages of carcinogenesis. In the chapter, the basic concept of chromosomes and cancer is reviewed and the relationships between genetic background and carcinogenesis are discussed. Problems concerning cell differentiation, carcinogenesis, and changes occurring in cells in vitro are parts of an entire problem that is the evolution of cell populations. Many trisomic individuals have been found in man, but they do not represent malignant growth. The only correlation between trisomics and cancer is the significantly high incidence of leukemia in mongolism. The diploid rat complement consists of 42 chromosomes of various lengths and centromeric positions. The chapter represents a typical cell taken from a primary culture of a rat embryo. Medium-sized chromosomes are all telocentric or subtelocentric. Metacentric chromosomes in the normal rat karyotype are all small elements.
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