Abstract
MOSQUITOES of the Anopheles gambiae complex are a closely related group of species that cannot all be distinguished easily on usual morphological grounds1,2. The complex consists of five known sibling species in Africa3,4 of which A. melas Theobald and A. merus Donitz breed in salt water, and forms provisionally known as species A, species B and species C breed in freshwater. Species C is not markedly anthropophilic1,5, but species A and B are the primary vectors of human malaria throughout much of Africa, and A. merus and A. melas are malaria vectors of lesser importance in the coastal regions of East and West Africa1,5. Individuals of the species which breeds in freshwater can only be identified with certainty by the banding patterns of their polytene chromosomes7–10.
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