Abstract
Amberlite XAD-4 resin (AXAD-4) was chemically modified to an aminated Amberlite XAD-4 (AAXAD-4) resin and characterized by infrared spectroscopy. AAXAD-4 resin was used as an efficient solid phase for the preconcentration and speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ions by column technique. The concentration of chromium species was determined by microsample injection system-flame atomic absorption spectrometer (MIS-FAAS). Selective retention of Cr(III) ions was achieved at pH 8.0 and eluted using 1.0 mL of 3.0 mol L-1 HCl and 1.0 mL of 2.0 mol L-1 NaOH, successively, at the flow rate of 5.0 mL min-1. The maximal sorption capacity of AAXAD-4 resin for Cr(III) ions was found to be 67.0 mg g-1. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) for Cr(III) ions were found to be 0.041 and 0.131 ∆g L-1, respectively, with preconcentration factor (PF) of 375 and relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.75% (n = 11). The method was validated using certified reference materials (CRMs) and successfully applied to the real samples, spiked with Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ions.
Highlights
Speciation of chromium is still one of most important long-standing analytical challenges due to its impact on environmental chemistry, ecotoxicology, clinical toxicology and food industry
The modification of Amberlite XAD-4 resins was characterized by infrared spectroscopy
The spectral information revealed that Amberlite XAD-4 resin was successfully converted to amino derivative
Summary
Speciation of chromium is still one of most important long-standing analytical challenges due to its impact on environmental chemistry, ecotoxicology, clinical toxicology and food industry. SPE has advantages such as easy operation, smallest consumption of toxic solvents, recycling of solid phases and high selectivity.[19,20] For speciation of chromium species, activated carbon,[21] silica gel,[22] sawdust,[23] chelating resins[11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,23,24,25] and Amberlite XAD resin series have been used as solid phase.[25,26,27] Amine group was incorporated on the polymeric matrix of Amberlite XAD-4 resin.
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