Abstract
A new procedure for the determination of chromium species in polluted environmental samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry was developed in this work. A new material containing 1,5-diphenylcarbazone included in a polymeric matrix was prepared and employed as a solid-phase extraction material for selective separation of Cr(III) ions under dynamic conditions. Chromium(III) ions were retained on this sorbent with high efficiency and repeatability (95 %, RSD = 1 %) from solutions with pH 9.0. The quantitative recovery of analyte was obtained with 0.1 mol L−1 EDTA. The concentration of Cr(VI) ions was calculated from the difference between the concentration of total chromium and Cr(III) ions. The prepared sorbent exhibits good chemical and mechanical stability, sorption capacity and selectivity towards Cr(III) ions in the presence of Cu(II), Ni(II), Mn(II) and Ca(II) ions. The accuracy of the separation method was proved by analysis of reference material of wastewater RES 10.2. The developed procedure was applied for chromium speciation analysis in municipal sewage samples.
Highlights
Chromium is considered a priority pollutant by the US Environmental Protection Agency due to significant quantities of its production and frequent occurrence in water systems (EPA 2014)
The aim of this work was to develop a new method for chromium speciation analysis in contaminated environmental samples, wastewater and municipal sewage, by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS)
The results indicate that the prepared sorbent can be used for the separation of Cr(III) from Cr(VI) species
Summary
Chromium is considered a priority pollutant by the US Environmental Protection Agency due to significant quantities of its production and frequent occurrence in water systems (EPA 2014). The wide use of chromium in steel and electroplating industry, leather tanning, production of alloys and pigments leads to the discharge of significant quantities of liquid or solid wastes containing chromium into the environment, which pollutes groundwater and surface water, soils and plants (Kotaś and Stasicka 2000; Metze et al 2005; Hoet 2005). In Poland, according to the Ordinance of the Minister of Environment (2014) concerning the conditions for spreading sewage into the water or soil, the maximal concentration of chromium in sewage cannot exceed 0.05– 0.5 mg L−1 of Cr(VI) and 0.5–1 mg L−1 of total chromium, depending on the type of industry.
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