Chromium‐induced inhibition of ethylene evolution in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) leaves

Abstract

The influence of chromium concentration on ethylene production in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender) was investigated. A Cr ion‐induced inhibition of ethylene synthesis from endogenous 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC) was observed within both leaf discs floated on 2 mM CrO2−4 or Cr3+ and leaf discs from plants cultured in nutrient solutions containing 10, 20 or 40 μM CrO2−4. However, Cr ions supplied either to plants with the nutrient solution or to discs with the incubation medium rather increased the conversion of exogenous ACC to ethylene. Primary leaves of plants exposed to CrO2−4‐containing nutrient solutions showed a statistically insignificant decrease of ACC‐synthase activity. In the trifoliolate leaves of plants exposed to 10 μM CrO2−4, in which a significant decrease of ethylene production from endogenous ACC was observed, a substantial increase of ACC synthase was found. These results indicate that Cr ion‐induced inhibition of ethylene production is not due to a breakdown of membrane integrity, which is necessary for ethylene forming enzyme activity, but caused by metabolic alterations leading to decreased ACC availability. Chromium ions may act by inhibiting ACC synthase activity or by diverting a metabolic step prior to the ACC synthase catalyzed reaction.