Abstract
For the biological evaluation of Cr and Cr‐compounds the valency state is of essential importance: Cr‐metal and Cr(III)‐compounds are neither irritant nor allergenic nor mutagenic nor carcinogenic, according to unanimous toxicological and epidemiological understanding. Daily minimum uptake as an essential trace element is necessary. Cr(VI)‐compounds are irritating resp. corrosive for skin and mucous membranes, mutagenic in short term tests (Ames). The poorly water soluble Cr(VI)salts of Ca, Cr(III), Sr and Zn are carcinogenic whereas CrO3 and Alkali chromates and Dichromates are not carcinogenic, in accordance with toxicological and epidemiological observations. The increased mortality of lung cancer, observed in earlier decades among employees of the chromate producing industry, was decreased to nearly the expected values in the general population, due to changes of the processing and improved industrial hygiene. Up to 2ppm Cr(VI) is reduced to Cr(III) in human plasma spontaneous by formation of Cr‐prote...
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