Abstract
Abstract Fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass is one of the most promising methods of the production of renewable fuels. However, an optimization of the conditions of bio-oil production is not possible without comprehensive analysis of the composition of formed products. There are several methods for the determination of distribution of products formed during thermal decomposition of biomass with chromatography being the most versatile among them. Although, due to the complex structure of bio-oil (presence of hundreds chemical compounds with different chemical character), an interpretation of the obtained chromatograms is not an easy task. Therefore, the aim of this work is to present an application of different chromatographic methods to the analysis of the composition of the mixture of products formed in high temperature decomposition of lignocellulosic feedstock. It includes pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), two dimensional gas (GC x GC) or liquid chromatography (LC x LC) and initial fractionation of bio-oil components. Moreover, the problems connected with the analysis of bio-oils formed with the use of various fast pyrolysis reactors and capabilities of multivariate analysis are discussed.
Highlights
This results in the production of a liquid fraction oils formed with the use of various fast pyrolysis reactors, a permanent gas and char [12]
The results presented in the previous chapters confirmed that the interpretation of chromatograms obtained for bio-oil formed in fast pyrolysis of biomass is very difficult
Literature shows that the comprehensive analysis of the composition of bio-oil produced in fast pyrolysis of biomass is very difficult
Summary
Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/ MS) is one of the most popular methods used for the analysis of the behavior of biomass in fast pyrolysis process. Due to the problems with quantitative determination of the products of fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass, the Py-GC/MS studies are mainly focused on the qualitative aspects of the composition of bio-oil and comparison of the contribution of its components. Liu et al [26] in their work devoted to hydro-pyrolysis of biomass discussed the effect of reaction conditions, presence of catalyst and type of feedstock on the content of phenolic compounds (including phenol and its derivatives, such as: 2-methyl-phenol, 4-methyl-phenol, 2-methoxy-phenol, 2-methoxy-4-methyl-phenol, 2-methoxy-4-vinyl-phenol and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol), aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, p-xylene and 1-ethyl-methyl-benzene), cyclo-alkanes (i.e. cyclohexane, methyl-cyclohexane, 1,2-dimethyl-cyclohexane, ethyl-cyclohexane and propylcyclohexane), furans (2,3-dihydrobenzofuran, furfural, 2-ethyl-5-methyl-furan, furan and 2-methyl-furan) and alcohols (butanol and pentanol) (Table 3). Mass spectra were collected in m/z range from 0-1000
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