Abstract
HIV is a chronic viral infection affecting an estimated 34 million people worldwide. Current therapies employ the use of a cocktail of antiretroviral medications to reduce the spread and effects of HIV, however complete eradication from an individual currently remains unattainable. Viral latency and regulation of gene expression is a key consideration when developing effective treatments. While our understanding of these processes remains incomplete new developments suggest that non-coding RNA (ncRNA) mediated regulation may provide an avenue to controlling both viral expression and latency. Here we discuss the importance of known regulatory mechanisms and suggest directions for further study, in particular the use ncRNAs in controlling HIV expression.
Highlights
Upon entering a cell, HIV integrates into the genome of the host and essentially functions as an endogenous gene
This view may be incomplete as new insights suggest a role for long non-coding RNAs in the regulation of gene expression patterns in many organisms their role in HIV is still yet to be elucidated
The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) HOTAIR has been shown to interact with up to 850 genome wide target [62] suggesting it is not sequence-specific but that the RNA itself has a structural role in the scaffold
Summary
HIV integrates into the genome of the host and essentially functions as an endogenous gene. Most of the literature surrounding HIV gene regulation focuses on the role of the long terminal repeat (LTR), and the interactions between of Tat and TAR This view may be incomplete as new insights suggest a role for long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the regulation of gene expression patterns in many organisms their role in HIV is still yet to be elucidated.
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