Abstract
Sixteenth-century Christian missionaries used the native Indian languages to evangelize Spanish and Portuguese America. Catechisms in Spanish, Portuguese, and the native languages were a basic instrument of evangelization. The missionaries also produced grammars and general compendiums on native languages, customs, and history. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Franciscans and Jesuits did the same for Indians in remote mission territories. In the Paraguay ‘reducciones,’ Guaraní became the lingua franca for both Indians and the Jesuits. Creole and mestizo religious wrote the first Latin American literature. In the 20th century, the Summer Institute of Linguistics translated the Bible into many native languages.
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