Abstract
Various studies on Jewish martyrdom (kiddush ha-Shem) during the First Crusade have shown how the Christian environment influenced the religious thinking and behavior of late-eleventh- and twelfth-century German (Ashkenazic) Jews. This observation has been shown to ring true also with respect to the martyrs' postmortem rewards, which are described in three early-twelfth-century interrelated Hebrew chronicles pertaining to crusaders' violence against Jews during the First Crusade. Twelfth-century Jewish and Christian reports on the First Crusade delineate analogous images of heavenly rewards for their heroes. This shared heavenly imagery provides another case of Ashkenazic Jews integrating into their own tradition popular concepts from their Christian milieu to meet new social and theological challenges.
Published Version
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