Christian interpretation of classical myths

Abstract

The function of mythology in early Christianity is usually considered under two points of view. First, the ancient myths are exempla: through the interpretatio christiana they can be read as allegories of Christian ideas (Plato and other philosophers having already offered an allegorical interpretation of mythology). Second, myths offer an accepted language to Christian artists, who have to cope with the representation of new ideas and need the auctoritas of tradition in order to express them. To these two points a third one can be added: classical myths are used in early Christian art also thanks to the similarity between mythological heroes (including those coming from different pagan religions) and biblical figures. Through the use of mythology for its prestige, Christian art gives back to the word myth its original meaning: which is, since its early appearance in Homer, “authoritative speech”. The use of myth therefore conferes to Christianity the strength of such auctoritas.