Abstract
To assess choroidal thickness (CT) in children with type 1diabetes (T1D) regarding their pubertal status and seek for factors influencing this parameter, using optical coherence tomography. Material and methods: 333 eyes out of 167 children with T1D without symptoms of diabetic retinopathy (mean age 12.81 ± 3.63 years, diabetes duration 4.59 ± 3.71 years) were enrolled. CT in all quadrants was evaluated. The studied population was divided into three groups: prepubertal, pubertal and postpubertal. The multivariate regression model was carried out using all metabolic parameter and then it was built using only the significant ones. Results: Significant differences in CT between males and females, except nasal and superior quadrants were observed. We revealed significant differences in CT between the three independent groups (Chi-square 18.6, p < 0.0001). In the statistically significant multiple regression model (R = 0.9, R2 = 0.82, p < 0.0000), the serum level of free thyroxine, triiodothyronine, total hemoglobin, uric acid, low- and high-density cholesterol, daily insulin dose per kilogram, weight and level of vitamin D were significant. Conclusion: In our studied group CT increases during puberty. Metabolic parameters such as cholesterol, uric acid, thyroid hormones, and hemoglobin concentration even within the normal range, significantly influence the CT, and these factors likely affect other blood vessels in the body.
Highlights
To assess choroidal thickness (CT) in children with type 1diabetes (T1D) regarding their pubertal status and seek for factors influencing this parameter, using optical coherence tomography
After dividing the studied population depending on the sex the statistically significant differences in CT were detected in males (Chi-square 7.3, p < 0.03, Kruskal–Wallis H = 9.43, p < 0.005, prepubertal group vs pubertal p = 0.1, prepub vs postpub p < 0.0003, pubertal vs postpub p < 0.05), in nasal quadrant (Chi-square 10.3, p < 0.005, Kruskal–Wallis H = 9.94, p < 0.01, prepubertal group vs pubertal p = 0.1, prepub vs postpub p < 0.001, pubertal vs postpub p < 0.01), and superior quadrant (Chi-square 5.62, p < 0.05, Kruskal–Wallis H = 6.84, p < 0.05, prepubertal group vs pubertal p = 0.1, prepub vs postpub p < 0.01, pubertal vs postpub p = 0.1)
The previous reports in children population found no significant differences in CCT between the T1D patients and the healthy c ontrols[9,10], but there are a few studies focused on the peripapillary choroid
Summary
To assess choroidal thickness (CT) in children with type 1diabetes (T1D) regarding their pubertal status and seek for factors influencing this parameter, using optical coherence tomography. Conclusion: In our studied group CT increases during puberty Metabolic parameters such as cholesterol, uric acid, thyroid hormones, and hemoglobin concentration even within the normal range, significantly influence the CT, and these factors likely affect other blood vessels in the body. Our previous results showed no significant difference in CT in the group of diabetic children compared to the control group, but the results regarding the pubertal status were not c onsidered[9]. The aim of the study was to assess CT in children with T1D regarding their pubertal status and seek the associations between CT and metabolic parameters
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