Abstract
The purpose of the study is to propose choroidal spatial distribution indexes (CSDIs) to represent choroidal topographic features, establish a normative database for CSDIs, and identify factors associated with CSDIs in healthy eyes. Retrospective data analysis of 363 healthy eyes from a single-center, prospective, cross-sectional, non-interventional study. Subjects were evaluated using spectral domain OCT with enhanced depth imaging. Choroidal volume and average thickness were measured with OCT in nine macular subfields defined by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study. Vertical CSDI was defined as the natural logarithm of superior choroidal volume divided by inferior choroidal volume. Horizontal CSDI was defined as the natural logarithm of temporal choroidal volume divided by nasal choroidal volume. The overall distributions of vertical and horizontal CSDIs was analyzed. Linear regression analyses were used to identify ocular and systemic factors associated with vertical and horizontal CSDIs. The average vertical CSDI was 0.062 ± 0.206, and average horizontal CSDI was 0.138 ± 0.226. Both vertical and horizontal CSDIs followed normal distribution. Increasing age was significantly associated with greater vertical CSDI (choroidal volume distribution tilted toward the superior region), and longer axial length and thinner subfoveal choroidal thickness were significantly associated with greater horizontal CSDI (choroidal volume distribution tilted toward the temporal region).
Highlights
The purpose of the study is to propose choroidal spatial distribution indexes (CSDIs) to represent choroidal topographic features, establish a normative database for CSDIs, and identify factors associated with CSDIs in healthy eyes
Along with the advancement of imaging technology, choroid assessment in the literature has shifted from merely measuring subfoveal choroidal thickness[2,5,6] to calculating the entire choroidal volume. The latter is done by using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid[10,11,12] as measuring choroidal thickness from a single or few sampling points can be influenced by local changes in choroidal thickness or irregularities in the choroidoscleral border 4,5,13,14
No other factors were presenting statistically significant association with vertical or horizontal CSDI. In this population-based cross-sectional study, we propose CSDIs to represent topographic features of the choroid
Summary
The purpose of the study is to propose choroidal spatial distribution indexes (CSDIs) to represent choroidal topographic features, establish a normative database for CSDIs, and identify factors associated with CSDIs in healthy eyes. We present the distribution of CSDIs in www.nature.com/scientificreports healthy eyes, and determine the ocular and systemic factors affecting CSDIs based on a population-based twin and family study done in South Korea. This index may provide an easy and efficient way to demonstrate spatial features of the choroid in a quantitative fashion
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