Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoarthritic and hypoglycemic effects. However, whether it has antidiabetic osteoporosis effects has not been reported. Therefore, in this study, we established a STZ-induced diabetic rat model; CS (500 mg kg−1 d−1) was orally administrated for eight weeks to study its preventive effects on diabetic osteoporosis. The results showed that eight weeks of CS treatment improved the symptoms of diabetes; the CS-treated group has increased body weight, decreased water or food intake, decreased blood glucose, increased bone-mineral density, repaired bone morphology and decreased femoral osteoclasts and tibia adipocytes numbers. After CS treatment, bone histomorphometric parameters returned to normal, the levels of serum inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) decreased significantly, serum SOD, GPX and CAT activities increased and MDA level increased. In the CS-treated group, the levels of serum ALP, CTX-1, TRACP 5b, osteocalcin and RANKL decreased and the serum RUNX 2 and OPG levels increased. Bone immunohistochemistry results showed that CS can effectively increase the expression of OPG and RUNX2 and reduce the expression of RANKL in diabetic rats. All of these indicate that CS could prevent STZ induced diabetic osteoporosis—mainly through decreasing blood glucose, antioxidative stress, anti-inflammation and regulation of OPG/RANKL expression. CS can therefore effectively prevent bone loss caused by diabetes.
Highlights
With the aging of the population and unhealthy diets, the incidence of diabetes is increasing year-by-year, and has become the third largest chronic noncommunicable disease following tumors and cardiovascular diseases, seriously affecting the health of patients [1]
Body weight was reduced in the diabetic group at the 4th and between groups at the initial of study
After administration the body weight of Chondroitin sulfate (CS) group increased at the 4th week of the study (CS vs. diabetes, CS administration the body weight of CS group increased at the 4th week of the study (CS vs. diabetes, p < 0.05), at the same time, the water or food intake decreased in CS group and Met group
Summary
With the aging of the population and unhealthy diets, the incidence of diabetes is increasing year-by-year, and has become the third largest chronic noncommunicable disease following tumors and cardiovascular diseases, seriously affecting the health of patients [1]. Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is a systemic, metabolic bone disease that seriously affects the health and quality of life of patients. The longer the duration of diabetes, the higher the incidence of osteoporosis, which can be as high as 50% to 60% [2]. Studies have shown that the pathogenesis of DOP may be closely related to hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators [5,6,7,8].
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