Chondrogenic Potential of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Cultured as Microtissues.

Rubén Salvador-Clavell,María Sancho-Tello,María Oliver,Carmen Carda,Lara Milián,José Javier Martín De Llano,Manuel Mata,Weimin Guo

doi:10.1155/2021/7843798

Abstract

Several tissue engineering stem cell-based procedures improve hyaline cartilage repair. In this work, the chondrogenic potential of dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) organoids or microtissues was studied. After several weeks of culture in proliferation or chondrogenic differentiation media, synthesis of aggrecan and type II and I collagen was immunodetected, and SOX9, ACAN, COL2A1, and COL1A1 gene expression was analysed by real-time RT-PCR. Whereas microtissues cultured in proliferation medium showed the synthesis of aggrecan and type II and I collagen at the 6th week of culture, samples cultured in chondrogenic differentiation medium showed an earlier and important increase in the synthesis of these macromolecules after 4 weeks. Gene expression analysis showed a significant increase of COL2A1 after 3 days of culture in chondrogenic differentiation medium, while COL1A1 was highly expressed after 14 days. Cell-cell proximity promotes the chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs and important synthesis of hyaline chondral macromolecules.

Highlights

IntroductionThe incidence of articular pathologies is dramatically rising. Factors such as advanced age of the population, illnesses, lifestyle, or trauma can lead to damage on the articular cartilaginous tissue [1]
Nowadays, the incidence of articular pathologies is dramatically rising
Cell viability of Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) cultured with media conditioned for 1, 3, or 7 days with

Summary

Introduction

The incidence of articular pathologies is dramatically rising. Factors such as advanced age of the population, illnesses, lifestyle, or trauma can lead to damage on the articular cartilaginous tissue [1]. Hyaline cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly hydrated and gelatinous one, due to the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) component, mainly aggrecan, and the glycoproteins content [2, 3] In this tissue, type II collagen is the most characteristic fibrous component of the ECM [4]. The response of joint cartilage to damage is usually the formation of a fibrous scar composed of type I collagen and fibroblast-type cells [6]. This low capability of autonomous regeneration has put cartilage in the spotlight of biomedical research, being currently one of the goals to be achieved [3, 7, 8]. Classic therapies or surgical treatments (such as mosaicplasty) have been developed with acceptable results in the short term, they have frequently shown fibrocartilage formation in the repaired damage in the long term, and for this reason, they are applied only in a limited number of patients [10, 11]

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