Abstract
Cholera is a clinical syndrome that associates diarrhea and an important dehydration which may be responsible for the death of children and adults as well. In the epidemics which affect developing countries, poor and vulnerable people are the most involved. The toxin responsible for the main symptoms is synthesised by Vibrio cholerae that belongs to the antigenic group O1 and also, since 1992, the group O139. Analysis of the environmental features of V. cholerae and the complete sequence are important steps in the knowledge of this disease. Recently, a new generation of oral vaccines has been developed. However, such vaccines provide a short-term protection that remains incomplete and fighting cholera still follows the standard rules: early and adequate rehydration, availability of drinkable water, food handling hygiene, and waste evacuation.
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