Abstract
This study collected different probiotic isolates from animal and plant sources to evaluate the bile-salt hydrolase activity of probiotics in vitro. The deconjugation potential of bile acid was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. HepG2 cells were cultured with probiotic strains with high BSH activity. The triglyceride (TG) and apolipoprotein B (apo B) secretion by HepG2 cells were evaluated. Our results show that the BSH activity and bile-acid deconjugation abilities of Pediococcus acidilactici NBHK002, Bifidobacterium adolescentis NBHK006, Lactobacillus rhamnosus NBHK007, and Lactobacillus acidophilus NBHK008 were higher than those of the other probiotic strains. The cholesterol concentration in cholesterol micelles was reduced within 24 h. NBHK007 reduced the TG secretion by 100% after 48 h of incubation. NBHK002, NBHK006, and NBHK007 could reduce apo B secretion by 33%, 38%, and 39%, respectively, after 24 h of incubation. The product PROBIO S-23 produced a greater decrease in the total concentration of cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, TG, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance in the serum or livers of hamsters with hypercholesterolemia compared with that of hamsters fed with a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet. These results show that the three probiotic strains of lactic acid bacteria are better candidates for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Highlights
Cholesterol is a vital substance in the human body
Since HepG2 cells are highly dependent on a high concentration of exogenous fatty acids to maintain an adequate supply of lipids for lipoprotein assembly [20], we investigated the lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-spent culture supernatant (SCS) effect on apolipoprotein B (apo B) and triglyceride (TG) secretion in cells incubated with oleic acid (OA)
When the LAB were grown in MRS broth supplemented with TCA (1 mmol/L each) after 24 h of incubation, strains NBHK002, NBHK005, NBHK006, NBHK007, and NBHK008 showed a notable reduction of TCA during the stationary phase and exhibited stronger deconjugation activity than did the other three strains, NBHK001, NBHK003, and NBHK004 (Figure 1)
Summary
Longstanding elevated levels of blood cholesterol may lead to atherosclerosis and may pose a major risk for developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). By the year 2030, CVDs will affect approximately 23.3 million people around the world [1]. WHO reported that a 10% reduction in serum cholesterol in men aged 40 could decrease the incidence of heart disease within 5 years by 50% [1]. Both drug therapy and nonpharmacologic approaches, including dietary intervention, behaviour modification, and regular exercise, are common strategies to lower blood cholesterol levels [2]. Despite the proven cholesterol-lowering ability of certain pharmacological agents, unwanted side effects can occur in some cases, such as gastrointestinal discomfort [3]
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