Abstract

El síndrome (o signo) del dedo azul (SDA) es la manifestación cutánea de un gran número de enfermedades que producen un compromiso isquémico agudo o subagudo en uno o más dedos. La causa más frecuente del SDA es la disminución del flujo arterial por el compromiso u oclusión de pequeños vasos periféricos, conservándose los pulsos distales palpables. La disminución del flujo arterial puede producirse por diferentes mecanismos patogénicos incluyendo la trombosis, la embolia, la vasoconstricción severa o la afección inflamatoria o no inflamatoria de la pared vascular. El dedo que sufre la isquemia adquiere un tono azul o violáceo, lo que da nombre al síndrome, y puede llegar a presentar fenómenos de necrosis.Independientemente de la causa, este cuadro clínico es una urgencia médica que requiere un diagnóstico y tratamiento específico rápido, dado el riesgo de progresión a necrosis irreversible.Blue digit syndrome (or sign) is a cutaneous manifestation of multiple diseases that produce acute or subacute ischemic compromise in one or more fingers or toes. The most frequent cause of this syndrome is a reduction in arterial blood flow due to compromise or occlusion of small peripheral vessels, with preservation of the distal pulses. The reduction in blood flow may be caused by a variety of pathogenic mechanisms including thrombosis, embolism, severe vasoconstriction, or inflammatory or non-inflammatory lesions of the vascular wall. The finger or toe affected by ischemia turns blue or violet and may develop necrosis.Independently of the cause, blue digit syndrome is a medical emergency requiring rapid diagnosis and specific treatment, given the risk of progression to irreversible necrosis.

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