Cholesterol delivery to the adrenal glands estimated by adrenal venous sampling: An in vivo model to determine the contribution of circulating lipoproteins to steroidogenesis in humans

Abstract

Cholesterol, required for adrenal steroid hormone synthesis, is at least in part derived from circulating lipoproteins. The contribution of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) to adrenal steroidogenesis in humans is unclear. The aim of the study was to determine the extent to which HDL and LDL are taken up by the adrenal glands using samples obtained during adrenal venous sampling (AVS). AVS was successfully performed in 23 patients with primary aldosteronism. Samples were drawn from both adrenal veins and inferior vena cava (IVC). HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and lipoprotein particle profiles were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and apoB were assayed by immunoturbidimetry. Plasma HDL-C and HDL and LDL particle concentrations (HDL-P and LDL-P) were not lower in samples obtained from the adrenal veins compared with the IVC (HDL-C, P=.59; HDL-P, P=.06; LDL-P, P=.93). ApoB was lower in adrenal venous plasma than in IVC (P=.026; P<.05 for right adrenal vein). In 13 patients with an aldosterone producing adenoma (APA), apoB was also lower (P=.045) and LDL-P tended to be lower (P=.065) in the APA adrenal vein compared with the IVC. ApoA-I was not lower in adrenal venous plasma compared with the IVC, neither in the whole group (P=.20) nor in the APA subgroup (P=.075). These invivo observations suggest that circulating LDL may contribute to adrenal steroidogenesis in humans as inferred from adrenal venous-IVC apoB concentration differences. AVS is a feasible method to investigate the relationships between lipoproteins and steroidogenesis.