Abstract
Hepatic cholestasis is a common complication of long-term parenteral nutrition in infants and children. The factors contributing to the development of this complication are multifactorial and not yet completely determined. Neonates, especially those born preterm, are at particular risk. Infection, intestinal bacterial overgrowth and lack of enteral stimulation contribute significantly to the development of the disease. The data on direct toxicity of parenteral nutrients is contradictory and mainly based on experimental animal models that do not reproduce the liver damage observed in infants and children. Enteral feedings should be started as soon as possible to prevent parenteral nutrition-related cholestasis. The efficacy of various drug treatments in preventing parenteral nutrition-related cholestasis have not been proved.
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