CHOLERA PANDEMIC IN MALAYA: A CASE STUDY IN THE STATE OF KEDAH, 1907–1940

Abstract

This study aims to identify how far the cholera pandemic in the State of Kedah influenced the British in dealing with the pandemic from 1907 to 1940. The cholera pandemic in Malaya posed a threat to public health and economic viability. Kedah faced a severe spread of cholera, which caused Alor Setar to be declared an unhealthy city in Malaya in the 20th century. The authorities performed various efforts and actions to curb the spread of cholera in Kedah throughout the period stated. This study is a historical study that utilises the qualitative and quantitative methods fully. Resources and materials were obtained from the National Archives of Malaysia, National Archives of Malaysia Kedah/ Perlis Branch, National Library of Malaysia, Kedah State Public Library, Chief Minister of Kedah Office, Public Higher Education Institution Libraries throughout Malaysia, etc. Until today, studies relating to the cholera pandemic in Malaya are lacking overall among researchers, even though through historical experiences, the pandemic shows that the spread of the disease has long occurred and relates to the health threat today. This study addresses historical experiences as references to enhance the nation’s policies and health security. The results indicate that the Kedah government had successfully controlled the spread of cholera in the state within the specified period. The state government was also responsible for ensuring public health issues in Kedah could be solved to produce a better life.