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Abstract
Cholera is becoming a big problem in the world especially in African region including Ethiopia. The disease is very common in areas where there is inequity and lack of social development. The diseases affected the whole districts of the kirkos-sub-city, Addis Ababa. Hence, we are enforced to assess risk factors associated with cholera. Unmatched 1:2 case-control study on 50 confirmed cases and 100 controls was conducted from June 09, 2016 to September 2016. Data were collected through direct interviews using semi-structured and pre-tested questionnaires. Two data collectors and one supervisor were involved in data collection. Cases were selected from cholera treatment center line list and controls were selected from neighborhood of case using lottery method. Data were entered by Epi Info and analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. Logistic regression was used to compute the crude and adjusted odds ratios for the factors associated with acquiring the AWD. A p-value of < 0.05 at 95%CI was considered to be statistically significant. The median and mode age in the study groups was 35.5 and 60 years old respectively with interquartile range from 28 to 54.25 years. The highest peak period for the outbreak was on July 4, 2016. Eating partially roasted meat [AOR=4.14, CI=1.11-15.46] and being male [AOR=8.57, CI=2.21-33.25] had significantly associated with the risk factors of accruing cholera. Whereas, regular hand washing with soap after defecation [AOR=0.23, CI=0.06-0.91], treating water before drinking by aqua tabs [AOR=0.08, CI=0.01-0.95] and boiling [AOR=0.23, CI=0.06-0.95] disposing house hold refuse at municipal site [AOR=0.11, CI=0.02-0.69] were protective against cholera. Eating partially roasted meat, regular hand washing with soap after defecation, disposing house hold refuse at municipal site, treating water before drinking by aqua tabs and boiling were possible risk factors associated with the outbreak. Hence, water, sanitation and hygiene offices should strictly work on the hygiene and availability of safe water at all levels.
Highlights
Cholera is a diarrheal disease caused by infection of the intestine with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, either type O1 or O139; usually transmitted through faecally contaminated water or food and remains an ever-present risk in many countries
62% (110,837), of the global burden of cholera cases and 56.7% of death were notified to WHO from African Region alone which resulted in huge economic loss with millions of US$ in different life expectancies meaning US$43.3 million, US$60 million and US$72.7 million, assuming life expectancies of 40, 53 and 73 years respectively [2]
The outbreak investigation was conducted in four districts of kirkos sub-city, Addis Ababa city administration from June 09 to September 13, 2016
Summary
Cholera is a diarrheal disease caused by infection of the intestine with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, either type O1 or O139; usually transmitted through faecally contaminated water or food and remains an ever-present risk in many countries. In 2008 alone, a total of 190,130 cases were notified from 56 countries, including 5143 deaths [1]. The true burden of the disease is estimated to be 1.3 to 4.0 million cases and 21 000 to 143 000 death worldwide annually due to cholera [1]. In2007, various countries around the world notified 178677 cases of cholera and 4033 cholera deaths to the World Health Organization [2]. 62% (110,837), of the global burden of cholera cases and 56.7% of death were notified to WHO from African Region alone which resulted in huge economic loss with millions of US$ in different life expectancies meaning US$43.3 million, US$60 million and US$72.7 million, assuming life expectancies of 40, 53 and 73 years respectively [2]. Of the 32 countries that reported deaths from cholera, 20 were on the African continent: these countries
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