Cholecystectomy vs. percutaneous cholecystostomy for the management of critically ill patients with acute cholecystitis: a protocol for a systematic review.

Peter C Ambe,Marios Papadakis,Hubert Zirngibl,Sebastian A Weber,Sarantos Kaptanis

doi:10.1186/s13643-015-0065-8

Abstract

BackgroundAcute cholecystitis is a common diagnosis. However, the heterogeneity of presentation makes it difficult to standardize management. Although surgery is the mainstay of treatment, critically ill patients have been managed via percutaneous cholecystostomy. However, the role of percutaneous cholecystostomy in the management of such patients has not been clearly established. This systematic review will compare the outcomes of critically ill patients with acute cholecystitis managed with percutaneous cholecystostomy to those of similar patients managed with cholecystectomy.Methods/designSystematic searches will be conducted across relevant health databases including the Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus using the following keywords: (acute cholecystitis OR severe cholecystitis OR cholecystitis) AND (cholecystectomy OR laparoscopic cholecystectomy OR open cholecystectomy) AND (Cholecystostomy OR percutaneous cholecystectomy OR gallbladder drain OR gallbladder tube OR transhepatic gallbladder drain OR transhepatic gallbladder tube OR cholecystostomy tube). The reference lists of eligible articles will be hand searched. Articles from 2000–2014 will be identified using the key terms “acute cholecystitis, cholecystectomy, and percutaneous cholecystostomy”. Studies including both interventions will be included. Relevant data will be extracted from eligible studies using a specially designed data extraction sheet. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale will be used to assess the quality of non-randomized studies. Central tendencies will be reported in terms of means and standard deviations where necessary, and risk ratios will be calculated where possible. All calculations will be performed with a 95 % confidence interval. Furthermore, the Fisher’s exact test will be used for the calculation of significance, which will be set at p < 0.05. Pooled estimates will be presented after consideration of both clinical and methodological heterogeneity of included studies. Both interventions would be compared with regard to in-hospital mortality, 30-day mortality, procedure-dependent complications, re-intervention, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, length of hospital stay, re-admission, and cost of treatment.The review will be reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement.DiscussionThis systematic review aims at identifying and evaluating the clinical value of percutaneous cholecystostomy in the management of critically ill patients with acute cholecystitis.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42015016205

Highlights

IntroductionSurgery is the mainstay of treatment, critically ill patients have been managed via percutaneous cholecystostomy
Gallbladder stones are present in the vast majority of cases, gallbladder inflammation is possible in the absence of stones
Search for eligible studies Systematic searches will be conducted across relevant health databases including the Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus using the following keywords: AND AND (Cholecystostomy OR percutaneous cholecystectomy OR gallbladder drain OR gallbladder tube OR transhepatic gallbladder drain OR transhepatic gallbladder tube OR cholecystostomy tube)

Summary

Introduction

Surgery is the mainstay of treatment, critically ill patients have been managed via percutaneous cholecystostomy. The role of percutaneous cholecystostomy in the management of such patients has not been clearly established. This systematic review will compare the outcomes of critically ill patients with acute cholecystitis managed with percutaneous cholecystostomy to those of similar patients managed with cholecystectomy. Acute cholecystitis (AC) describes an acute gallbladder inflammation and is a common cause for a visit to the emergency department [1]. AC is diagnosed using the parameters outlined in the Tokyo (TG13) guidelines. These guidelines employ information from history, physical examination, blood chemistry, and ultrasound sonography to diagnose AC. The TG13 guidelines enable a classification of AC in three severity grades; mild cholecystitis (grade I), moderate cholecystitis (grade II), and severe cholecystitis with organ failure (grade III) [2, 3]

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Conclusion