Abstract

Background: Modern Elekta Neuromag MEG devices include 102 sensor triplets containing one magnetometer and two planar gradiometers. The first processing step is often a signal space separation (SSS), which provides a powerful noise reduction. A question commonly raised by researchers and reviewers relates to which data should be employed in analyses: (1) magnetometers only, (2) gradiometers only, (3) magnetometers and gradiometers together. The MEG community is currently divided with regard to the proper answer. Methods: First, we provide theoretical evidence that both gradiometers and magnetometers result from the backprojection of the same SSS components. Then, we compare resting state and task-related sensor and source estimations from magnetometers and gradiometers in real MEG recordings before and after SSS. Results: SSS introduced a strong increase in the similarity between source time series derived from magnetometers and gradiometers (r2 = 0.3–0.8 before SSS and r2 > 0.80 after SSS). After SSS, resting state power spectrum and functional connectivity, as well as visual evoked responses, derived from both magnetometers and gradiometers were highly similar (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient > 0.8, r2 > 0.8). Conclusions: After SSS, magnetometer and gradiometer data are estimated from a single set of SSS components (usually ≤ 80). Equivalent results can be obtained with both sensor types in typical MEG experiments.

Highlights

  • The signal space separation method (SSS) [1] and its spatiotemporal extension [2] are powerful noise-reduction methods commonly used as a first preprocessing step in raw MEG data analysis

  • Pearson correlation brevity and simplicity, we focused here on four sources of interest, which are spread across the cortex andr2commonly are used in the neuroimaging literature: cortex (MNI coordinates coefficients were computed between source timevisual series derived from magnetometers and mm), primary somatosensory cortex (MNI: [−38, −27, 52] mm), precuneus (MNI: [1, −57, 28] mm) and gradiometers for each pair of λmag and λgrad and averaged over trials and2 subjects

  • Squared coefficients averaged across subjects selected as a Pearson function ofcorrelation the regularization parameters λ for magnetometer (x-axis)are andshown for gradiometer beamforming reconstructions

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Summary

Introduction

The signal space separation method (SSS) [1] and its spatiotemporal extension (tSSS) [2] are powerful noise-reduction methods commonly used as a first preprocessing step in raw MEG data analysis. They have repeatedly been proven to be successful in the suppression of unwanted magnetic noise originating from distant [3] and nearby [2] sources, or even from orthodontic material [4]. After SSS, resting state power spectrum and functional connectivity, as well as visual evoked responses, derived from both magnetometers and gradiometers were highly similar

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