Choice feeding of protein concentrate and grain to organic meat chickens

Abstract

SUMMARY In alternative poultry production, such as free-range and organic, alternative feeding methods may be useful. Instead of a single fully Formulated diet, a “Choice” method offers 2 complementary feeds, a protein concentrate and a grain, between which birds self-select. This method was used in the past and may allow free-range birds that encounter diverse environmental conditions to adjust their diets to meet changing nutritional needs. A trial was conducted to study the impact of Choice feeding organic meat chickens vs. Formulated feeding. Chicks were raised to 64 d in an organic research facility with outdoor access. Birds in the Choice treatment were offered cracked corn and, separately, a concentrate composed of roasted soybeans, fishmeal, and mineral and vitamin premix. During the trial, Choice birds self-selected a diet that was low in protein (only 12% CP during the last week of production). Live weight gains, as well as carcass and breast weights, were lower for birds in the Choice treatment compared to the Formulated treatment; however, FCR was superior for Choice and yields did not differ. The cost of Choice feed was lower than Formulated ($0.58/kg vs. $0.66/kg, respectively). Results indicate that Choice feeding may be useful in alternative and free-range poultry production, especially in organic production. It enables the use of farm-raised feeds, important for on-farm nutrient cycling and reducing the cost of expensive organic feed.