Abstract
Background and aim: The aim of this work was to evaluate the relationship between platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) with habitual consumption of dark chocolate in a group of celiac subjects in which chocolate consumption and lower neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) association had already been observed. Additionally, due to the known anti-nutrient effect on iron absorption, we evaluated red blood cell count (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and hemoglobin (Hb) values. Methods: Chocolate consumers and non-consumers were matched for sex, menopausal status, NLR values over the previously suggested cut off (2.32) for celiac patients, and co-morbidities. Results: Chocolate consumers had high LMR compared to non-consumers, whereas no differences were observed between chocolate consumers and non-consumers in RBC, MCV, Hb and PLR. However, similar number of subjects had PLR higher than the previously suggested cut off (143.7) for celiac disease. Conclusions: This preliminary report suggests a working hypothesis for larger studies aimed at establishing cut off values for LMR in celiac patients and the modulation of this marker by dietary antioxidants.
Highlights
Chocolate contains both flavanols and theobromine, non-nutrient bioactive compounds that can have potential pharmacological effects
We recently observed that chocolate consumption is associated with a lower neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)
Selected groups were similar in age, years at gluten-free diet (GFD), body mass index (BMI), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure (Table 1)
Summary
Chocolate contains both flavanols (epicatechin) and theobromine, non-nutrient bioactive compounds that can have potential pharmacological effects. We recently observed that chocolate consumption is associated with a lower neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). In celiac subjects [11], in particular in those with NLR values above the cut off suggested by Sarikaya et al (2.32) [12], supporting the previously reported hypothesis that the efficacy of cocoa products depends on the basal inflammatory status [10]. The aim of this work was to evaluate the relationship between platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) with habitual consumption of dark chocolate in a group of celiac subjects in which chocolate consumption and lower neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) association had already been observed. Conclusions: This preliminary report suggests a working hypothesis for larger studies aimed at establishing cut off values for LMR in celiac patients and the modulation of this marker by dietary antioxidants
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