Abstract
This review summarizes recent data from chloroplast genomics research, namely the structure and gene content in completely sequenced chloroplast genomes of land plants and algae. It aims to highlight the structural similarity of chloroplast DNAs (cpDNA) gene content and arrangement in various lineages of land plants. It is noteworthy that chloroplast genomes of algae show significantly less structural similarity than those of land plants. Algae contain several unique genes, which are not found in cpDNAs of land plants. The organization of genes on the plastid chromosome differs drastically in land plants and algae. The problems of origin and evolution of plastids are briefly discussed.
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