Abstract
The utilization of crop heterosis can greatly improve crop yield. The sterile line is vital for the heterosis utilization of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The chloroplast genomes of two sterile lines and one maintainer were sequenced using second-generation high-throughput technology and assembled. The nonsynonymous mutated genes among the three varieties were identified, the expressed difference was further analyzed by qPCR, and finally, the function of the differentially expressed genes was analyzed by the barley stripe mosaic virus-induced gene silencing (BSMV-VIGS) method. A total of 16 genes containing 31 nonsynonymous mutations between K519A and 519B were identified. There were no base mutations in the protein-encoding genes between K519A and YS3038. The chloroplast genomes of 519B and K519A were closely related to the Triticum genus and Aegilops genus, respectively. The gene expression levels of the six selected genes with nonsynonymous mutation sites for K519A compared to 519B were mostly downregulated at the binucleate and trinucleate stages of pollen development. The seed setting rates of atpB-silenced or ndhH-silenced 519B plants by BSMV-VIGS method were significantly reduced. It can be concluded that atpB and the ndhH are likely to be involved in the reproductive transformation of 519B.
Highlights
Wheat (T. aestivum L.) is the world’s most widely grown food crop, feeding nearly half of the world’s population [1,2]
Genomic sequencing was performed on K519A, 519B, and YS3038, and the number of paired-end reads of 150 bp was greater than or equal to 14,716,209 for each sample, and the number of reads was greater than or equal to 14,705,908 (4,406,664,764 clean data) and Q30 was greater than 92.35% for each sample after quality control
Like the chloroplast genomes of other higher plants, the two chloroplast genomes in this experiment contained two inverted repeats, IRA and IRB, which divided the entire genome into four parts, and the remaining regions were the large single-copy region (LSC)
Summary
Wheat (T. aestivum L.) is the world’s most widely grown food crop, feeding nearly half of the world’s population [1,2]. It is an important raw material for industry. Wheat gluten can be used as a natural binder in the manufacture of paper [3]. Improving yield per unit area and stress resistance of wheat are very effective strategies to alleviate the food problem. The utilization of heterosis is an effective way to improve wheat yield and quality, and it plays an essential role in the breeding of crops [5,6]
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