Abstract
Objective: To observe the toxicity of chlorophyllin against Lymnaea acuminata to control fasciolosis caused by liver fluke fasciola gigantica, very prominent in eastern region of Uttar Pradesh. Materials and Methods: Ten snails Lymnaea acuminata were placed in a glass aquarium containing 3 L of dechlorinated tap water. These snails were treated with different concentrations of chlorophyllin. Chlorophyll was extracted from spinach with the help of macerated leaves and kept for 2 h in 100% ethanol at 55ºC. Results: The results of the experiment showed that the photodynamically active chlorophyllin, at low concentration was able to kill the snails under exposure of solar radiation in summer season instead of winter season. In winter, extracted chlorophyllin toxicity against L. acuminata in sunlight (96 h LC50 91.82 mg L-1) /laboratory condition (96 h LC50 921.93 mg L-1) was less than pure chlorophyllin in sunlight (96 h LC50 12.05 mg L-1) /laboratory condition (96 h LC5019.22 mg L-1), respectively. In summer, pure chlorophyllin was more toxic in sunlight (96 h LC50 3.90 mg L-1) than laboratory condition (96 h LC50 7.18 mg L-1). Pure chlorophyllin is more than five times toxic than synthetic molluscicides. Treatment of chlorophyllin caused no toxic effect against the fish (Colisa fasciatus). The result presented in this paper is found very beneficial and ecologically safe, as a photodynamic substance chlorophyllin, which found in every green plant. Conclusion: Phytotherapy of snails by photodynamic water soluble chlorophyllin to control fasciolosis can be used as potent molluscicides with low cost and easily biodegradable.
Highlights
Fasciolosis is a zoonotic disease and third most prevalent disease in the world.[1,2,3] Human fasciolosis and it outbreaks in the last two decades have changed the status of fasciolosis from a zoonosis to an emerging health problem in tropics.[4,5] Fasciola gigantica is the causative agent of fasciolosis in eastern Uttar Pradesh, India.[6,7] Snails are the important links in transmission of fasciolosis
The present study reports the molluscicidal activity of chlorophyllin against host snail L. acuminata
The experiment was setup with two groups and in the I group the control 1 snails were kept in laboratory condition after 4 h of dark incubation for 96 h with no chlorophyllin, and control 2 put into the sunlight condition and all the condition was same as in control 1
Summary
Fasciolosis is a zoonotic disease and third most prevalent disease in the world.[1,2,3] Human fasciolosis and it outbreaks in the last two decades have changed the status of fasciolosis from a zoonosis to an emerging health problem in tropics.[4,5] Fasciola gigantica is the causative agent of fasciolosis in eastern Uttar Pradesh, India.[6,7] Snails are the important links in transmission of fasciolosis. The snail Lymnaea acuminata is the intermediate host of F. gigantica.[8,9] An obvious preventive method to reduce the incidence of fasciolosis is to control the population of carrier snail. Chlorophyll is found in all green plants. Chlorophyll product chlorophyllin is extremely toxic against mosquito larvae in sunlight.[13,14] Recently, Singh and Singh[7] noted the cercaricidal activity of chlorophyllin against Fasciola gigantica larvae. The present study reports the molluscicidal activity of chlorophyllin against host snail L. acuminata
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