Abstract
This study aimed to identify the effect of the positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) phenomenon on the spatial, temporal distribution of chlorophyll-a concentrations in the East Season in Padang Sea in 2019. The method used in this research was the Kriging analysis method applied in oceanographic parameter satellite imagery extraction point data. By applying the method, we produced the maps of the spatial distribution variation of chlorophyll-a content and Sea Surface Temperature (SST). The data of IOD events in 2019 showed the occurrence of a strong positive IOD phenomenon that caused anomaly in the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in Padang Sea. The interpretation of Aqua-Modis level 2 satellite image data showed that the sea surface temperature during the East Season was relatively cold, which was in the minimum temperature ranging from 18.5-22°C with a normal temperature condition of 28-29°C. The minimum chlorophyll-a concentration in the East Season was 0.252 mg/m3; while the maximum value reached 18.5 mg/m3. The distribution value of chlorophyll-a concentration was 1.028 mg/m3.The RMSe Cross Validation value obtained was 0.504 for SST and 0.363 for chlorophyll-a with a mean SST of -0.0005 and mean chlorophyll-a of -0.0039.
Highlights
The northeast waters of Indian Ocean, including the western waters of Sumatra and south waters of Java which are tropical oceanic waters, generally have low chlorophyll-a concentrations [1]
The high chlorophyll-a concentration content in Padang Sea was included in the Eutrophic category or waters that were rich in nutrients, so that algal plants grew well
The value of RootMean-Square Error (RMSe) obtained was 0.504 for SST and 0.363 for chlorophyll-a with an average/mean SST of -0.0005 and an average/mean of chlorophyll-a of -0.0039. These results indicated that the use of the interpolation model of the distribution of Sea Surface Temperature and Chlorophyll-a content in Padang Sea using Kriging had a low error value or high accuracy
Summary
The northeast waters of Indian Ocean, including the western waters of Sumatra and south waters of Java which are tropical oceanic waters, generally have low chlorophyll-a concentrations [1]. High chlorophyll-a concentrations are still found in areas far from land. It is caused by the process of water mass circulation that allows the transport of a number of nutrients from a certain place in the deep layer to the surface of the ocean [3]. This water mass enhancing process, known as the upwelling process, is a mass vacancy in the surface layer and must be replaced by water mass in the deep sea layer. It is due to the development of SST pattern [4], [5]
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