Chlorophyll a and novel synthetic derivatives alleviate atopic dermatitis by suppressing Th2 cell differentiation via IL-4 receptor modulation

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) treatment has largely relied on non-specific broad immunosuppressants despite their long-term toxicities until the approval of dupilumab, which blocks IL-4 signaling to target Th2 cell responses. Here, we report the discovery of compound 4aa, a novel compound derived from the structure of chlorophyll a, and the efficacy of chlorophyll a to alleviate AD symptoms by oral administration in human AD patients. 4aa downregulated GATA3 and IL-4 in differentiating Th2 cells by potently blocking IL-4 receptor dimerization. In the murine model, oral administration of 4aa reduced the clinical severity of symptoms and scratching behavior by 76% and 72%, respectively. Notably, the elevated serum levels of Th2 cytokines reduced to levels similar to those in the normal group after oral administration of 4aa. Additionally, the toxicological studies showed favorable safety profiles and good tolerance. In conclusion, 4aa may be applied for novel therapeutic developments for patients with AD.