Chlorogenic acid-chitosan copolymers: Synthesis, characterization and application in O/W emulsions for enhanced β-carotene stability

Abstract

In this study, chlorogenic acid-chitosan (CA-CS) copolymers were prepared with varying Chitosan (CS): chlorogenic acid (CA)ratios and characterized for their water solubility, antioxidant capacity, and emulsions stability. Results showed that CA-CS samples exhibited up to 90.5 % increase in DPPH scavenging efficiency and 20 % increase in hydroxyl radical scavenging efficiency compared to CS alone. CA-CS copolymers used to stabilize oil in water (O/W) emulsions, which were evaluated for their potential in encapsulating and protecting β-carotene. Microscopic observations revealed homogeneous spherical droplets in stable emulsions, suggesting effective interfacial structures. The selected CA-CS-stabilized O/W emulsions demonstrated encapsulation efficiencies of 74.8 % and 75.26 % for β-carotene. The CA-CS stabilized O/W emulsions provided the most effective protection against β-carotene degradation under UV exposure, retaining over 80 % of β-carotene content after 12 h of testing. These findings indicate that CA-CS-based O/W emulsions show promise as carriers and protectors for bioactive compounds, due to their improved antioxidant capacity, emulsions stability, and protection against degradation.