Abstract
Abstract Chlorine dioxide is finding increasing use as an oxidizing bleaching agent in the pulp and paper industry, replacing chlorine gas and aqueous sodium hypochlorite. Chlorine dioxide significantly reduces the quantity of adsorbable organically bound halide (AOX) effluents produced in the paper pulp bleaching process while producing high brightness paper with excellent mechanical strength. Increasing chlorine dioxide bleaching substitution levels in the pulp mills as well as the need for a chlorine‐free gas for bleaching are the driving forces for design/process changes in the commercial chlorine dioxide generators that use sodium chlorate. Chlorine dioxide is also increasing in usage as a disinfectant or biocide in municipal and industrial water treatment as well as an oxidizer in oil field and pollution abatement processes. Sodium chlorite is the choice precursor chemical for generating chlorine dioxide gas in quantities of less than about 2000 kg/d. Chlorine dioxide has been shown to be an effective biocide as well as an effective oxidizer for the control of total trihalomethanes, in drinking water treatment to meet USEPA drinking water regulations. Methods for the removal of the disinfection by‐products produced from chlorine dioxide treatment, such as chlorite and chlorate, are being developed to alleviate toxicological concerns about their presence in drinking water.
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