Chlorine Dioxide Inactivation of C ryptosporidium Parvum in Oxidant Demand-Free Phosphate Buffer

Abstract

Chlorine dioxide inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts was studied at bench-scale in oxidant demand-free 0.05 M phosphate buffer at pH 6, 8, and 11, and temperature from 1°C to 37°C. Animal infectivity using neonatal CD-1 mice was used for evaluation of oocyst infectiousness before and after treatment. Survival curves of the oocysts following treatment declined linearly with the chlorine dioxide Cavgt product. Temperature was critical for C. parvum inactivation, while pH was found not to be a significant factor at pH 6–11. Inactivation kinetics at different temperatures was expressed as a Chick-Watson model with different reaction rate constants adjusted by van't Hoff-Arrhenius relationship. Between 1°C and 37°C, for every 10°C decrease in temperature, the reaction rate constant decreased by a factor of 2.3, corresponding to an activation energy of 54.9 kJ/mol. Design criteria targeting 0.5 to 2.0 log-units of inactivation of C. parvum were developed for different water temperatures and their 90%...