Chloride induced stress corrosion cracking of candidate canister materials for dry storage of spent fuel

Abstract

Susceptibility to chloride induced stress corrosion cracking (ESCC) of candidate canister materials, UNS S31260 and UNS S31254 stainless steels (SS), was investigated by a constant load test in air at temperatures of 343 and 353 K with relative humidity (RH) of 35%, and at 373 K without controlling RH. UNS S31260 and UNS S31254 SS did not fail until 37,700 h at 353 K with RH = 35%, where UNS S30403 SS failed within 250–500 h. The same tendency also was obtained at 343 K, suggesting the superior ESCC resistance of UNS S31260 and UNS S31254 SS. Even rust was not observed on the specimens tested at the temperature of 373 K. To explain the higher ESCC resistance, the pitting potential was measured in the saturated synthetic sea water at temperatures from 303 to 353 K, since ESCC is usually associated with localized corrosion such as pitting and may be closely related to the corrosion resistance. The pitting potentials of UNS S31260 and UNS S31254 SS were much higher than that of UNS S30403 SS. Thus, it was concluded that the superior ESCC resistance is attributable to the higher resistance of UNS S31260 and UNS S31254 SS to pitting corrosion. The critical relative humidity for ESCC, under which no ESCC occurs, is equal to or higher than 15% at temperatures < 353 K judging from ESCC behavior of UNS S30400 SS.