Abstract
Methomyl is currently used as a toxicant for the attracticide BioAttract in cotton and vegetables in China. However, methomyl is highly toxic to non-target organisms and a more environmental friendly acceptable alternative is required. Larvae of three lepidopteran insects Helicoverpa armigera, Agrotis ipsilon and Spodoptera litura are important pests of these crops in China. In the present study, the toxicity of 23 commonly used insecticides were tested on H. armigera, then tested the susceptibility of A. ipsilon and S. litura moths to the insecticides which were the most toxic to H. armigera, and the acute toxicity of the most efficacious insecticides were further investigated under laboratory conditions. Chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate, spinetoram, spinosad and methomyl exhibited high levels of toxicity to H. armigera moths with a mortality of 86.67%, 91.11%, 73.33%, 57.78% and 80.00%, respectively, during 24 h period at the concentration of 1 mg a.i. L-1. Among these five insecticides, A. ipsilon and S. litura moths were more sensitive to chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate and methomyl. The lethal time (LT50) values of chlorantraniliprole and methomyl were shorter than emamectin benzoate for all three lepidopteran moth species at 1000 mg a.i. L-1 compared to concentrations of 500, 100 and 1 mg a.i L-1. Chlorantraniliprole was found to have similar levels of toxicity and lethal time on the three lepidopteran moths tested to the standard methomyl, and therefore, can be used as an alternative insecticide to methomyl in the attracticide for controlling these pest species.
Highlights
Noctuidae is the largest family in the order Lepidoptera
Attractiveness of plant volatiles has been widely reported for lepidopteran insects [11,12,13], and an attracticide, based on combination of synthetic plant volatiles and insecticide, is being used for trapping and controlling lepidopteran moths in Australia, China and other countries [17, 21,22]
This study investigated the toxicity of 23 commonly used insecticides to H. armigera, tested the susceptibility of A. ipsilon and S. litura moths to the insecticides which were the toxic to H. armigera moths, and evaluated the acute toxicity of three selected insecticides
Summary
Noctuidae is the largest family in the order Lepidoptera. It contains some of the most destructive pests of agricultural crops such as Helicoverpa armigera, Agrotis ipsilon, and Spodoptera litura. In China, larvae of these three species are major pests in many economically-important crops including cotton (Gossypium spp.), maize (Zea mays Linn.), peanut (Arachis hypogaea Linn.), beans Merr.) and vegetables [1].
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