Abstract
Blood cultures from febrile patients in Saigon yielded Salmonella typhi in eight cases. Four isolates were sensitive to all antibiotics and four isolates were highly resistant to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin, and sulphadiazine. While receiving chloramphenicol the patients with drug-resistant S. typhi had prolonged febrile courses, and one patient died. The multiple drug resistance was associated with three distinct Vi-phage types and could be transferred from three of the isolates to recipient Escherichia coli organisms. This R-factor-mediated drug resistance in S. typhi in Vietnam is similar to the recent experience with typhoid fever in Mexico. Ampicillin and co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole) seem to be the best alternatives to chloramphenicol when treating these patients or travellers with typhoid fever who have lately returned from these regions.
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